本文从国家自然科学基金申请与资助的角度，总结回顾了自“十三五”（2016—2020年）以来至“十四五”开局之年（2021年）期间国家自然科学基金委员会信息科学部光学和光电子学学科（F05）自由探索类项目、引导类项目以及人才类项目的申请资助情况，从项目数量、资助额度、依托单位、学科领域等角度分析了该领域基金资助的总体特征、结构性变化以及发展趋势，依据这一时期的优秀科研成果分析了基金资助的成效，并结合“十四五”发展规划对光学和光电子学学科未来的优先发展领域与基金管理工作进行了展望。

This article provides an overview and analysis of the funding trends in the disciplines of optics and optoelectronics within the Information Science Department of the National Natural Science Foundation from the beginning of the 13th Five-Year Plan (2016‒2020) to the initiation of the 14th Five-Year Plan in 2021. It summarizes the proposed and approved projects of exploratory, guiding, and talent types, considering aspects such as the number of projects, funding amounts, supporting institutions, and disciplinary domains. It also analyzes the overall characteristics, structural changes, and developmental trends in this field. Based on the exemplary research outcomes during this period, the article analyzes the funding effectiveness. Additionally, it provides a prospective outlook on the prioritized developmental areas and funding management for the disciplines of optics and optoelectronics in line with the goals outlined in the 14th Five-Year Plan.